Hand Book to Foreign Hall Marks on Gold and Silver Plate. (With the Exception of Those on French Plate). Containing 163 Stamps

Hall marks and manufacturer's marks printed on gold and silver items have recently attracted a lot of antiquarian attention, and many books on the topic have been published in this country over the past few years. However, these books are devoted almost exclusively to French or English marks, in addition to the many interesting marks that are used abroad. Therefore, it was believed that a guide to continental marks would be interesting and useful to those who own old foreign silver or who like to compare English methods of controlling the processing of precious metals with foreign ones. There are few materials for such a reference book; almost no English has been written on this topic. So author personally researched the available foreign numbers as much as possible. This small book was written as a supplement to the Chaffers Handbook of Hall Markings on Gold and Silver Plates, which only covers the books of the United Kingdom and Ireland. This book has attempted to provide an outline of the various hall and manufacturer brands used throughout the continent, as well as such a sketch that may be useful for identifying brands used at any given time and in any given country. During the Middle Ages, laws governing the analysis of precious metals appeared to be more strictly enforced, and the system of labeling all cookware by manufacturers was more precise than in later times. In many countries and states, the sequence of the letters of the date and, indeed, all signs ceased after the middle or end of the last century, until recently, when they were revived. In local stories of a church plate in England, you can also find references to certain parts of a foreign plate.